Challenges in reducing the mongoose population Essay - 1

Challenges in reducing the mongoose population - Essay Example For instance, convincing an audience of farmers who are directly affected by the mongoose of the essence of having the mongoose safeguarded may be challenging than convincing other persons who are not direct victims. Similarly, it may be problematic in seeking the full support of authorities and government agencies directly involved in policy making for approval of such a plan of creation of natural conservancy zones for the mongoose instead of allowing them are depleted by being killed by human beings. This is also related with the challenge of communication emanating from disparities along ethnic lines. With such a proposal being based on scientific knowledge, it may become challenging in communicating the information to indigenous tribes especially to the persons who are least learned. Finally, a very fundamental challenge likely to be faced in implementing the proposal is that of inadequacy of existing legal frameworks in the country. There needs to be strategic policies and laws that are formulated to enhance the collaborative efforts of the government and public is such efforts of creating conservancy zones. In conclusion therefore, collaborative efforts between the government agencies as well as the public on such an initiative as establishment of a conservancy zone is dependent on effectiveness in communication, awareness creation and the legal frameworks governing a nation. This therefore explains the likelihood that the above factors may affect the effectiveness of the process of creation of conservancy zones for the mongoose in

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Free Will Essay Vilayandur S. Ramachandran came from a distinguished family in Tamil Nadu, India, and was neuroscientist, which is a field of study encompassing the various scientific disciplines dealing with the nervous system. Ramachandrans views on the brain and how it works are discussed in his work â€Å"The New Philosophy†. In his essay he discusses the nature of consciousness, discussing the effects of certain mental states and their influence on the body and the brain. One of his main topics, however, is the Ramachandrans view of free will. He suggest that â€Å"neuroscience intersects with philosophy because the question of free will has been a philosophical problem for hundreds of years and more† (Jacobus 569). He discusses the significance of the brain imaging that shows a â€Å"readiness potential† and what it really means to have a free will. Through his essay, though, it is interesting to point out where religion and Christianity stands on the issue of free will and whether Christians are puppets under Gods command. Ramachandran poses this question about free will: â€Å"Is your brain the real one in charge, making your free will only a post-hoc rationalization; a delusion..?† When a special experiment was underway, it was discovered that when a person was told to move their finger within the next ten minutes at their own free will, their brain would kick in almost a second before the actual willingness to move the finger. This posed the original question stated above and brought on other questions as well. If this person is now shown the screen displaying the signal from the EEG scanner hooked up to your brain, they can then see their free will. They will then have three options: 1) They will experience a sudden lack of will, feeling as though the machine is controlling them, making them feel like a puppet. 2) They will refuse to have their belief of their free will to be altered but instead believe that the machine has some â€Å"paranormal precognition by which it is able to predict your movements accurately† (Ramachandran 559-60). 3) The person will reconfigure the experience in their mind, and cling to their sense of freedom, denying what their eyes have seen as evidence and maintain that â€Å"the sensation of will precedes the machines signal, not vice versa† (Ramachandran 560). The point when the brain would â€Å"kick in† before the movement is called the â€Å"readiness potential†. The â€Å"readiness potential† is what happens when there is a change in the electrical activity of the brain that occurs before the subjects conscious decision to move a muscle (medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com). Ramachandran believes that â€Å"there is an inevitable neural delay before the signal arising in one part of the brain makes its way through the rest of the brain to deliver the messagenatural selection has ensured that the subjective sensation of willing to delay deliberately to coincide not with the onset of the brain commands but with the actual execution of the command by your finger† (Ramachandran 560). Ramachandran is a firm believer in evolution, believing that the events must have some sort of evolutionary purpose. â€Å"On one hand,† he says, â€Å"this experiment shows that free will is false and cannot be causing the brain events because the events kick in a second earlier. But on the other hand, the pause must have some purpose, otherwise why would the delay have evolved† (Ramachandran 560). Though these events have a purpose, evolutionary is not the answer. In Joshua 24:15 it says â€Å"Choose for yourselves this day who you will serve, as for me and my household we will serve the LORD.† God gives mankind a choice to follow Him and so free will is a gift from God as something to be accepted. Humans have the gift of God to reject or take the free gift that He offers. If humans really are descendants of apes, then when did the gift of free will come into the evolutionary chain of todays mankind? John 7:37 says â€Å"Anyone who is thirsty may come to me.† It is an offer. Not a demanding command. Anyone who is thirsty may come to me, shows us that God does not want us to be without his living water and without him, but it is our choice whether we choose to accept Gods free gift of salvation. When studying free will in the Bible and through works of literature like Vilayandur S. Ramachandran, there will always be people on both sides of the argument. Do we have control of our own destinies or are we merely puppets in Gods giant game of the world? My personal beliefs on the subject are as I have stated in this paper: Though God has a control over the destiny of the world and each of our lives, he gives us a chance to make a decision to follow him or to ignore the free gift of his son that he has offered to us. John 3:16 it says: â€Å"For God so loved the world that he gave his only son that whoever believed in him would have eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.† Works Cited Jacobus, Lee A. A World Of Ideas. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2008. Print. The Free Dictionary. Medical Dictionary. Online source. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/readiness+potential Bible. New Living Translation.

The Ambitious Male in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

The Ambitious Male in Macbeth      Ã‚   The tragedy Macbeth by William Shakespeare brings to center stage an interesting, guilty, ambitious usurper named Macbeth, on whose character this essay will focus.    Charles Lamb in On the Tragedies of Shakespeare explains the impact of Macbeth's initial murder:    The state of sublime emotion into which we are elevated by those images of night and horror which Macbeth is made to utter, that solemn prelude with which he entertains the time till the bell shall strike which is to call him to murder Duncan, - when we no longer read it in a book, when we have given up that vantage-ground of abstraction which reading possesses over seing, and come to see a man in his bodily shape before our eyes actually preparing to commit a muder, if the acting be true and impressive as I have witnessed it in Mr. K's performance of that part, the painful anxiety about the act, the natural longing to prevent it while it yet seems unperpetrated, the too close pressing semblance of reality,give a pain and an uneasiness [. . .]. (134)    In Everybody's Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack shows how Macbeth complements his wife:    Her fall is instantaneous, even eager, like Eve's in Paradise Lost; his is gradual and reluctant, like Adam's. She needs only her husband's letter about the weyard sisters' prophecy to precipitate her resolve to kill Duncan. Within an instant she is inviting murderous spirits to unsex her, fill her with cruelty, thicken her blood, convert her mother's milk to gall, and darken the world "That my keen knife see not the wound it makes" (1.5.50). Macbeth, in contrast, vacillates. The images of the deed that possess him simultaneously repel him (1.3.130, 1.7.1) When she proposes Duncan's murder, he temporizes: "We will speak further" (1.5.69). (189)    Lily B. Campbell in her volume of criticism, Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes: Slaves of Passion, explores the workings of Macbeth's mind as he plots the destruction of Banquo and son :    If the witches have spoken as truly to Banquo as to him, Macbeth sees that he wears a "fruitless crown" and carries a "barren sceptre" in his hand; he has indeed given peace and immortality to make the race of Banquo kings. And he proceeds to his interview with the murderers, plotting what he dare not do openly, for the fear that comes when we are rivals for a thing and cannot both have it makes it seem to Macbeth: The Ambitious Male in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays The Ambitious Male in Macbeth      Ã‚   The tragedy Macbeth by William Shakespeare brings to center stage an interesting, guilty, ambitious usurper named Macbeth, on whose character this essay will focus.    Charles Lamb in On the Tragedies of Shakespeare explains the impact of Macbeth's initial murder:    The state of sublime emotion into which we are elevated by those images of night and horror which Macbeth is made to utter, that solemn prelude with which he entertains the time till the bell shall strike which is to call him to murder Duncan, - when we no longer read it in a book, when we have given up that vantage-ground of abstraction which reading possesses over seing, and come to see a man in his bodily shape before our eyes actually preparing to commit a muder, if the acting be true and impressive as I have witnessed it in Mr. K's performance of that part, the painful anxiety about the act, the natural longing to prevent it while it yet seems unperpetrated, the too close pressing semblance of reality,give a pain and an uneasiness [. . .]. (134)    In Everybody's Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack shows how Macbeth complements his wife:    Her fall is instantaneous, even eager, like Eve's in Paradise Lost; his is gradual and reluctant, like Adam's. She needs only her husband's letter about the weyard sisters' prophecy to precipitate her resolve to kill Duncan. Within an instant she is inviting murderous spirits to unsex her, fill her with cruelty, thicken her blood, convert her mother's milk to gall, and darken the world "That my keen knife see not the wound it makes" (1.5.50). Macbeth, in contrast, vacillates. The images of the deed that possess him simultaneously repel him (1.3.130, 1.7.1) When she proposes Duncan's murder, he temporizes: "We will speak further" (1.5.69). (189)    Lily B. Campbell in her volume of criticism, Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes: Slaves of Passion, explores the workings of Macbeth's mind as he plots the destruction of Banquo and son :    If the witches have spoken as truly to Banquo as to him, Macbeth sees that he wears a "fruitless crown" and carries a "barren sceptre" in his hand; he has indeed given peace and immortality to make the race of Banquo kings. And he proceeds to his interview with the murderers, plotting what he dare not do openly, for the fear that comes when we are rivals for a thing and cannot both have it makes it seem to Macbeth:

Assignment: Operations Decision Essay

Allentown Manufacturing Company is a family owned business that manufactures cardboard boxes. Currently, the company has a manpower rate of 100 workers that work 20 out of a month. The company has been able to last through some of the toughest economic times, but recently the AMC’s fixed cost is â€Å"high enough†, and their total costs are exceeding their total revenue. Assess the current environmental scan factors that are relevant to the decision making process. Determine the factors that will have the greatest impact on plant operations and management’s decision to continue or discontinue operations. Provide a rationale for your determination. Some environmental scan factors that are affecting the decision making process are social, economic and technological circumstances. When it comes to the social factors, the lack of properly trained and skilled laborers are affecting the amount of production being put out on a daily basis. The company needs to develop a better recruitment process and training program to employ the best and most profitable employees. In addition, the language barrier creates a problem for our managers. The majority of our workforce is Hispanic and speaks minimal English; this creates problems when trying to delegate job duties among the employees. The economic factors are that the country as a whole is trying to go green; therefore recycling old cardboard boxes is more environmentally friendly than using new ones. This causes a decrease in the amount of orders coming in, therefore affecting the amount being shipped out. The technological factors are the lack of computer skills by some of the labor force. If the machines that produce the product are not being run properly in order to produce the maximum output rate, then this will cause a decrease in profits. Management should focus the economic and social factors when coming to the decision whether or not to continue operations. If the company focused on what will either hold the company back or push it forward, and then issues will begin to reveal themselves. Evaluate the financial performance of the company using the information provided in the scenario. Consider all the key drivers of performance, such as company profit or loss for both the short term and long term and how each factor influences managerial decisions. Be sure to show the calculations that helped you reach your conclusions. The total revenue is the output multiplied by the number of units produced per month: TR=$32*6,000 TR= $192,000 The monthly wages for the worker are the number of workers multiplied by the daily wage multiplied by the number of days worked in each month: 100*$70*20= $140,000 The total variable cost is daily variable input multiplied by the number of days worked in a month: TVC=$2000*20 TVC= $40,000 Recommend how the company can improve its profitability to deliver more value to its stakeholders. Then, develop a brief plan to implement the recommendations. Allentown Manufacturing Company can improve its profitability in a variety of ways, such as expanding into new markets sectors, or developing new products or services. Some major changes that can take place to improve profitability can be to reduce manpower or scale back on working hours, reducing costs, and increasing productivity and efficiency. I think AMC should work with their top management to create a partnership with another company to begin manufacturing a new product to potentially increase profits. Another plan can be to reduce the manpower either by hours or by personnel. This will allow the company to save money on wages, employment taxes, and employment insurance such as workman’s compensation and unemployment insurance. Increasing productivity is a solid way to increase profitability. If the plant is able to acquire larger orders of boxes, this will in turn cause them manufacture a larger amount of boxes. Management would also have to decide the best way to train the workforce to work in a more efficient manner, decide whether or not it is feasible to purchase additional machines to increase the production and develop a proper training program to develop the workers’ skillset. Assess the circumstances in which the company should discontinue operations and how management should react when confronted with these circumstances. Provide a rationale with your response. The circumstances in which Allentown Manufacturing Company should discontinue their operations, is when their total costs surpass their total revenue. The company will not be able to maintain production or meet their cost demands such as salaries, materials, maintenance, etc. if they are constantly spending more money than they are making. Management should react in a manner that is in the best interest of the company and not themselves. If the manager or managers are not able to develop a solid plan to match or pass the total costs that company is hitting each month, than the most feasible thing to do would be to shut the plant down. By continuing to manufacture the cardboard boxes, they are constantly increasing their costs from the electricity being used, and the workers needing to get their salaries.

Somebody’s Mother Analysis

Somebody’s Mother, by: Mary Dow Brine, is basically about somebody’s mother. The title of this poem implies that you will probably be reading about a mother and what she does. When you think of a mother, you think of a woman maybe in her thirties with kids who are around age five through nine, and possibly not afraid of anything you throw at her. That’s what is expected of a mother right? The first two lines of this poem imply the physical features of the mother. She is bent with the chill of winter’s day, meaning that she is probably frail.Then we find out her feet are aged and slow, telling us again she’s old and frail. We also find out that she’s alone. She is standing near a crossing and waiting to cross, but afraid to do so. No one tries to help her in any sort of way or even looks at her. It’s like she’s invisible. The next ten lines are about some schoolboys who are shoveling snow and also passing her by as well as some c arriages passing in the street causing the woman not to cross. Suddenly, one of the schoolboys comes along and helps her cross the street.The woman is not at all scared by the boy. The boy then goes back to his friends and tells them that if his mother was in need that he hopes they would help her. The last few lines are about the woman praising God about how lovely and kind the boy was to her. This poem has few meanings to it, but they are deep in connotation. When the woman is standing at the cross walk unable to go, and scared that she might get run over if she does, that represents something in our lives. We want to do something, but there are obstacles in our way.For instance, if someone is searching and searching for a job and just doesn’t get one because of things happening in their life, then they are standing at the cross walk unable to cross. Also, the woman in the poem wants to cross the street, but it might be because she is too scared. We all have days where we w ant to do something but we are too scared. Even if it’s killing a spider! But there are more difficult things, like maybe asking someone to marry you but you just can’t find the nerve. Finally, when the boy comes to help the woman across the street, he symbolizes the help we have in our life.We have bad days, but we get through them based on support and guidance. Even if we are having a bad year, our family, friends and colleagues get us through it. That is what this poem is mainly about, the influence that others have on us to give us a little push and a helping hand. The attitude of this poem is sorrowful, joyful, and inspiring. At first, the poem sounds a bit depressing, but when school gets out, you get a little more hopeful. When the boy comes to help the old woman, he is described as â€Å"the gayest laddie of all the group†.When you read that particular line you instantly know this boy is bubbly and full of joy. Then when the boy helps the woman across th e street, you know he is a man of a helpful sort and would do anything to help if someone was in need. This poem starts sad, but then it completely shifts to a joyful and helpful point of view. You read about an old woman at a cross walk unable to cross the street, and how her physical features are very old. But then, some boys come out of school and you start to get interested.Then u see that one of the boys is the bubbliest one of his troop and you want to know how he fits in with the poem. The poem just shifted from helpless and sad, to hopeful and thankful. Then, the boy reaches out to the woman and wants to help her across the street and that implies a helpful shift. Helpless, sad, and thankful, and hopeful are completely different shifts, but the words are all a part of the poem. The main theme of this poem is that if you were the woman standing there alone at the crossing, and people were passing you by, how would you feel?Afraid, worried, or hesitant? These few words describ e what the woman is probably going through when people are passing her and not even sharing a glance with her. She’s invisible, and no one cares about her. Another theme is when you are going through tough times, you could always use a helping hand to get through it. The woman was waiting at the crossing and didn’t have the nerve to cross the street, because she needed guidance to do so. Everyone needs a helping hand every once in awhile.When the boy came and helped the woman, she wasn’t even afraid that a stranger walked up to her and asked her to cross the street! And after that, she went home and praised god for that boy who helped her! This is something that happens in our lives a good number of times. We are scared to do something and someone helps us through it. The prediction in the title was entirely wrong, but that’s what probably popped into some people’s heads! The woman is not at all in her thirties, nor did she have kids that were ages five through nine.The woman in the poem would probably be scared if something was thrown at her, like a hard task. But in the end, mother’s are still mother’s. They have kids who they usually love and would do anything they can to not hurt their children, and that’s what the woman in the poem is like. At the end of the day, Somebody’s Mother, By Mary Dow Brine is about an old woman who can’t find the nerve to cross the street. But when a bubbly boy comes to the rescue, she is neither scared nor worried, and she praises God that the boy is â€Å"somebody’s son with pride and joy†.

Evil in Sula and Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit Essays

Evil in Sula and Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit Essays Evil in Sula and Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit Paper Evil in Sula and Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit Paper Essay Topic: Literature Sula Evil, or at least each communitys perception of it, plays a key role in both Sula and Oranges are Not the Only Fruit. In Sula it is Sula Peace that is the Bottom communitys poster girl for evil; in Oranges it is Jeanette that incurs the wrath of her church. Judgment and methods of punishment differ greatly in the two novels, but the reasons for each womans labelling as evil are not that dissimilar. Jeanettes unnatural passions (105), or lesbianism, are what incite the church to take offense, and it is Sulas rebellious behavior that causes her community to boycott any and all relations with her. In both cases it is the womans unwillingness, or inability, to conform to the social standards that sets her apart and agitates the community. However, the way in which these differences are handled greatly differs between the novels. The magnitude of the cruelty and unforgivingness of the communitys judgment and punishment in Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit exceeds that in Sula by far. The inhabitants of Medallions Bottom punish Sula Peace in an unaggressive manner, whereas Jeanette is outright exorcised. The Bottoms judgment of Sula as evil was widespread (in the community) and final. The first signs that Sula was evil were shown the moment she arrived in town: she stepped off the Cincinnati Flyer into the robin shit and began the long climb up into the Bottom (90). Her arrival on the same day that birds were creating a mess everywhere is blatant foreshadowing of the mess she herself creates in the coming time of her stay in Medallion. Morrison sums up the Bottoms reasons for viewing Sula as the personification of evil: When word got out about Eva being put in Sunnydale, the people in the Bottom shook their heads and said Sula was a roach. Later, when they saw how she took Jude, then ditched him for others, and heard how he bought a bus ticket to Detroit they forgot all about Hannahs easy ways (or their own) and said she was a bitch. Everybody remembered the plague of robins that announced her return, and the tale about her watching Hannah burn was stirred up again. (112) Soon after arriving in Medallion, Sula deems is necessary to place Eva in a nearby nursing home, though Eva is in no need whatsoever of being placed in such an institution-she is lucid and able to take care of herself. The Bottom is outraged at this decision. How can Sula just waltz into town and put Eva up in a nursing home while keeping the house for herself? This move is unprecedented in the community, and does nothing to alleviate the Bottoms view of Sula as evil. Furthermore, Sulas promiscuous relations with men, both black and white, is the central problem the community has with her. It must be kept in mind, though, that Sulas mother, Hannah, was equally loose, if not more so, and the Bottom did not despise her anywhere near as much as they do Sula. Why the dualism? As Marie Nigro writes, Sula uses men much as her mother (now deceased) had done but with a different spirit. Whereas Hannah had been sweet and without guile and had respected the ways of the community, Sula goes to bed with men as often as she can but then carelessly tosses them aside. It was a compliment when Hannah chose to sleep with another womans husband, but an insult when Sula did the same-she sees them as disposable and thus treats them that way. The wives are furious over this. It was the men, though, who said she was guilty of the unforgivable thing-the thing for which there was no understanding, no excuse, no compassion They said that Sula slept with white men (112). This is the crystallizing factor in Sulas evilness. As word of this spreads around, regardless of its accuracy, the townspeople either ignore Sula altogether or dream up complicated plots to torture her. Mixing of races is the ultimate sin. The fact that many of the townspeople are products of mixed relationships and it is not nearly as troublesome when black men sleep with white women does not deter their hatred of Sula in the least. The Bottoms judgment of Sula is also at times overly critical, as when she picks at food and does not exclaim over the excellence of the food. They conclude that she is laughing at their God (115). Community judgment of Sula is complex and dualistic, as the previous examples depict. Further, the Bottom communitys passiveness towards Sulas evilness can be explained by its view that the purpose of evil was to survive it (90). The people of the Bottom fully accept the presence of evil. In fact, as with the response to the sky blackening with pigeons, they reacted to an oppressive oddity, or what they called the evil days, with an acceptance that bordered on welcome (89). Thus, when it is final the Sula is evil and could do no good, the community does not lynch or do anything of the type to her. They did not stone sinners because it was beneath them. So how is Sula really punished for being who she is? The ensuing silence she receives from the town leaves her lonely and deserted among her own people; she is alone. The communitys attitude towards Sula is highlighted after she dies. She is left in her home, in her bed, for several days after she dies. In fact, it is it the police who come and take her away, Nel being the one had calls them because she feels it is the right thing to do. People do, however, attend her funeral, but this is out of politeness and civility as well. Contrary to what the townspeople initially believe, along with Sulas death the punishment of the Bottom began. Hatred for Sula unites the community against her and moves it to care more about its members in retaliation to her ways. The women are better to their husbands and the mothers better to their children, and when Sula dies, all reason for remaining good dies as well. On the other hand, the judgment seen in Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit is more straight forward and concrete. Jeanettes evangelical community in northern England is extremely religious, with set rules and guidelines. Anything against doctrine is evil, including Jeanettes unnatural passion. Unlike Sula, Jeanette does not have her entire church community against her. Elsie, though now deceased, Miss Jewsbury, and some other members believe she is free of blame. Jeanette has been raised in a strictly religious environment, so religious that she suffers in school from other students and teachers criticizing her deep involvement in matters dealing with God. For example, the head of the school, Mrs. Vole, interrogates Jeanette, You seem rather pre-occupied, shall we say, with God. Your sampler, for instance, had a very disturbing motif. Yes, your reading skills are quite unusual (41). Jeanettes stringent religious upbringing makes it all the more ironic, as well as horrifying, to the community and her mother specifically when she displays unnatural passions. Jeanette tries to express her love for Melanie to her mother, I explained how much I wanted to be with Melanie, that I could talk to her, that I needed that kind of friend (102). Of course, Jeanettes mother interprets this as more than just a friendship between her daughter and Melanie, correctly, even though Jeanette at the moment denies it. Consequently, the next time at church, Jeanette and Melanie are called out on the their unnatural passions. Melanie promises to give up the sin and is let off easy, staying with relatives in Halifax afterwards. However, Jeanette does not relent in her assertion that she loves Melanie and will never stop. This causes the pastor to send Jeanette home. She instead goes to Miss Jewsburys and spend the night there and has sex with her, and the next morning she returns to her home only to be locked up in the parlor as part of an exorcism! Tired and starving, Jeanette caves in and says she will repent for her sin. After this she maintain a life free of unnatural passions until she meets Katy, whom she has a love affair with. Discovered, Jeanette will not repent this time and stands firmly planted in her position. In response to this, her church privileges are revoked, as are the rest of the females privileges in the church. Jeanettes sinfulness is blamed on her having too much power; the notion that she is lesbian because thats how she was born is unthinkable. Jeanette leaves the community entirely here, choosing to be herself than conform to the churchs rigid social standards. Jeanettes own mother cast her out. There is doubt of the mothers own lack of sin: right at the bottom of the page was a yellowy picture of a pretty woman holding a cat. Whos that? I pointed out. That? Oh just Eddys sister, I dont know why I put it in there, and she turned the page. Next time we looked, it had gone (36). The role that the woman played in the mothers life is questionable, especially since Jeanettes mother admits that her past was not sin-free and far from chaste. So who is she to judge Jeanette so harshly? The community and mothers judgment is firm and unwaivering. There is no gray area, only black and white: stay with the church and abide by its moral code, or leave. The second time around her unnatural passions are revealed, Jeanette choses to leave rather than be punished for being who she is. Also more straight forward than that in Sula, the punishment in Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit of Jeanette it downright cruel. The first time Jeanette is asked to repent, she eventually does so, but not before being exorcised and starved. Only a child at the time, she is not able to take control of the situation and is a victim of her mothers fervent religiousness and devotion to the church and its doctrine. The second time Jeanette is caught, she is older, thus able to make decisions for herself. When she decides that, rather than repent again and accept her lowered position in the church, shell instead move away from the community, she is ostracized by her mother and other ardent church members. Later when Jeanette works for a funeral parlour and services Elsies funeral, she is insolently spoken to: The pastor motioned to the flock. We wont stay to be mocked any longer. Oh hes a demon your daughter, wailed Mrs White, holding on to the pastors arm. Shes no daughter of mine, snapped back my mother, head high, leading the way out (157). The depth to which Jeanette is outcast from the community is incredible. Sula and Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit have both similarities and differences between each other in the community judgment and punishment previously described. In both novels, the protagonist defies the accepted social norm. Jeanette is lesbian whereas Sula is rebellious and promiscuous, her own woman. In Oranges, judgment is based on religion-on a given doctrine. It is definite and inflexible; gray areas do no exist, life is black or white. Jeanette cannot be a lesbian and member of the church at the same time. In Sula, the opposite is true. Judgment is based on the communitys social standards, and they are far from definite and quite flexible. The perfect example would be the comparison of Hannah and Sulas sexual behavior. They are similar, but how they are received by the community is far from close. The Bottom is able to distinguish between certain qualities like Hannahs care for men and Sulas disposable attitude toward them. This is what makes the gray area possible. As for punishment, the two novels do not differ tremendously in methods, but in severity. Both communities ostracized the person they identified as evil. In Sula, however, Sula Peace remained in the community and was not forced into exile. The cold shoulder and fantasies about torture were the most drastic responses from those around here. The church community of Oranges steps up the intensity of punishment. Exorcism and starvation are used to force Jeanette to repent her lesbianism, and she is later ostracized by the church when she refuses to give up her lifestyle. The ostracization here, however, is magnified. Jeanette must move away from the community and her own mother refuses to acknowledge her status as Jeanettes parent! The extent of the cruelty and unforgivingness of the communitys judgment and punishment in Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit is much greater than that in Sula. While the reasons for labelling each woman may be similar, they do not fit the social criteria for normal, methods of punishment differ in many respects. Both women are cut off from the rest of community, but the Bottom does not physically or mentally harm Sula, nor does it drive her out of town. Jeanettes church does just that to her. The community of Oranges has a more stringent set of rules to adhere to, where following them is not an option but a requirement in order to remain on the good side of the church. Sulas Bottom community is flexible in its judgments and how the social rules are applied to every individual person; exceptions are allowed. Community judgment and punishment of those they see as evil in Sula and Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit are certainly belonging to separate novels.

Frankenstein Essays (382 words) - Frankenstein, Free Essays

Frankenstein Essays (382 words) - Frankenstein, Free Essays Frankenstein This is an English book report on "Frankenstein" by Mary Shelley Frankenstein The story of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is about a man who created something that messes with nature, and nature came back to mess with him because nature is more powerful than man. Victor Frankenstein was very interested in natural philosophy and chemistry and basically tried to play G-d by creating life. When he found the secret of activating dead flesh, he created a superhuman being composed of rotted corpses. What he did was considered unthinkable, and he was haunted by his own creation. When the monster escaped, Frankenstein knew that he had to deal with the consequences of what the monster might do. Frankenstein received a letter one day which informed him of his younger brother William's murder, and immediately suspected that he was responsible, for he was the creator of the hideous monster. A friend of the family named Justine Moritz was the "presumed" murderer, and Frankenstein was determined to prove her innocent. Circumstantial evidence, however, led the courts to believe Justine guilty, because found in her pocket was a photograph which had belonged to William. Justine had been put to death, and Frankenstein had yet to find his creation. Finally, upon their meeting, the monster confessed to his creator of what he had been through, how he was rejected by society, and finally, how he had come to kill William. When William had revealed his name to the monster, the monster immediately figured that by killing the young boy, he would have revenge on Frankenstein for giving him life. The monster did not understand the concept of right and wrong and he especially didn't mean to kill anybody. His expression of anger ended up being violent, even fatal to the victim, and it just worked out that he killed people. As the monster's story continued, he demanded of Frankenstein a female mate who he can be with until his end, and promised to live away from society. Frankenstein, meanwhile, tried to restore the monster's demented mind so he could live a normal life. Although at first Frankenstein agreed to create a friend for the monster, he changed his mind for fear that between the two of them, his life, as well as many others, would be in danger. The creature wanted revenge, and so everything important in Frankenstein's life ended up being destroyed, including his wife and best friend.